{"id":1090,"date":"2025-11-04T04:30:05","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T04:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gurututorku.com\/blog\/?p=1090"},"modified":"2026-02-02T02:59:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T02:59:04","slug":"tutorial-laravel-12-membuat-website-blog-berita-bagian-3-relasi-kategori-dan-tag-berita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gurututorku.com\/blog\/tutorial-laravel-12-membuat-website-blog-berita-bagian-3-relasi-kategori-dan-tag-berita\/","title":{"rendered":"Tutorial Laravel 12 – Membuat Website Blog Berita – Bagian #3 (Relasi Kategori dan Tag Berita)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

3. Menambahkan Fitur Kategori & Tag pada Berita (Laravel)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pada tahap ini, kita akan menambahkan kategori (one-to-many)<\/strong> dan tag (many-to-many)<\/strong> pada fitur berita (posts), sehingga konten menjadi lebih terorganisir dan profesional seperti portal berita sungguhan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Tujuan Pembelajaran<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Setelah menyelesaikan bagian ini, peserta mampu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Membuat tabel categories<\/strong> dan tags<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Menghubungkan Post ↔ Category ↔ Tag<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Menampilkan kategori & tag di halaman berita<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mengelola kategori dan tag saat tambah & edit berita<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    A. Membuat Model & Migration<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    1. Generate Model dan Migration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    php artisan make:model Category -m
    php artisan make:model Tag -m<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. Migration Tabel Categories<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Edit file create_categories_table.php<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->timestamps();
    });<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. Migration Tabel Tags<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Edit file create_tags_table.php<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Schema::create('tags', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->timestamps();
    });<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    B. Menambahkan Relasi ke Posts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    1. Buat Migration Relasi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    php artisan make:migration add_category_id_to_posts_table --table=posts
    php artisan make:migration create_post_tag_table --create=post_tag<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. Tambahkan Category ke Posts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    File add_category_id_to_posts_table.php<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->foreignId('category_id')->nullable()->constrained('categories')->onDelete('set null');
    });<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. Tabel Pivot Post\u2013Tag<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    File create_post_tag_table.php<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Schema::create('post_tag', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->foreignId('post_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->foreignId('tag_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
    });<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    4. Jalankan Migration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    php artisan migrate<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    C. Menambahkan Relasi di Model<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    1. Model Post<\/strong> : Post.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    public function category()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }

    public function tags()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class);
    }<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. Model Category : <\/strong>Category.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <?php
    namespace App\\Models;
    use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Factories\\HasFactory;
    use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;

    class Category extends Model
    {
        use HasFactory;
        protected $fillable = [
            'name',
        ];
        \/\/ Relasi: satu kategori punya banyak post
        public function posts()
        {
            return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
        }
    }<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Model Tag : <\/strong>Tag.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <?php
    namespace App\\Models;
    use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Factories\\HasFactory;
    use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;

    class Tag extends Model
    {
        use HasFactory;
        protected $fillable = [
            'name',
        ];
        \/\/ Relasi: satu tag bisa dimiliki banyak post
        public function posts()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(Post::class);
        }
    }<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    D. Ubah Form Tambah Berita<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    1. Dropdown Kategori<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Tambahkan dropdown kategori dan checkbox tag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <div class=\"mb-3\">
        <label>Kategori<\/label>
        <select name=\"category_id\" class=\"form-control\">
            <option value=\"\">-- Pilih Kategori --<\/option>
            @foreach($categories as $category)
                <option value=\"{{ $category->id }}\">{{ $category->name }}<\/option>
            @endforeach
        <\/select>
    <\/div>

    <div class=\"mb-3\">
        <label>Tag<\/label><br>
        @foreach($tags as $tag)
            <label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"tags[]\" value=\"{{ $tag->id }}\"> {{ $tag->name }}<\/label><br>
        @endforeach
    <\/div><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    E. Update PostController<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    1. Import Model<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Lalu di PostController, tambahkan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <?php
    namespace App\\Http\\Controllers;
    use App\\Models\\Post;
    use App\\Models\\Category; \/\/ Jika perlu kategori
    use App\\Models\\Tag;
    use Illuminate\\Http\\Request;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. Method create()<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Lalu pada create() di PostController, tambahkan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        public function create()
        {
            $categories = Category::orderBy('name')->get();
            $tags = Tag::orderBy('name')->get();
            \/\/ cara lain jika juga butuh tags:
            \/\/$tags = \\App\\Models\\Tag::orderBy('name')->get();
            return view('posts.create', compact('categories','tags'));
        }<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. Method store()<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Lalu pada store() di PostController, tambahkan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    public function store(Request $request)
        {
            \/\/ 1. Validasi input
            $request->validate([
                'title'       => 'required|string|max:255',
                'content'     => 'required|string',
                'author'      => 'nullable|string|max:100',
                'category_id' => 'nullable|exists:categories,id',
                'tags'        => 'nullable|array',
                'tags.*'      => 'exists:tags,id',
                'thumbnail'   => 'nullable|image|mimes:jpeg,png,jpg|max:2048',
            ]);
            \/\/ 2. Ambil data utama
            $data = $request->only(['title', 'content', 'author', 'category_id']);
            \/\/ 3. Upload thumbnail jika ada
            if ($request->hasFile('thumbnail')) {
                $path = $request->file('thumbnail')->store('thumbnails', 'public');
                $data['thumbnail'] = $path;
            }
            \/\/ 4. Simpan post baru
            $post = \\App\\Models\\Post::create($data);
            \/\/ 5. Simpan relasi tags ke tabel pivot
            if ($request->has('tags')) {
                $post->tags()->sync($request->tags);
            }
            \/\/ 6. Redirect dengan pesan sukses
            return redirect()
                ->route('posts.index')
                ->with('success', 'Berita berhasil ditambahkan!');
        }<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    F. Halaman Detail \/ Show Berita<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Ubah script di edit.blade.php, menjadi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    @extends('layouts.app')
    @section('content')
    <div class=\"container\">
        <div class=\"card shadow-sm mb-4\">
            {{-- Thumbnail --}}
            @if($post->thumbnail)
                <img src=\"{{ asset('storage\/' . $post->thumbnail) }}\"
                     alt=\"{{ $post->title }}\"
                     class=\"card-img-top\"
                     style=\"max-height: 400px; object-fit: cover;\">
            @endif

            <div class=\"card-body\">
                {{-- Judul --}}
                <h2 class=\"card-title\">{{ $post->title }}<\/h2>
                {{-- Info tambahan --}}
                <div class=\"text-muted mb-3\">
                    <small>
                        Oleh <strong>{{ $post->author ?? 'Admin' }}<\/strong> |
                        {{ $post->created_at->format('d M Y') }}
                    <\/small><br>
                    {{-- Kategori --}}
                    @if($post->category)
                        <span class=\"badge bg-primary\">Kategori: {{ $post->category->name }}<\/span>
                    @endif
                <\/div>
                {{-- Isi berita --}}
                <div class=\"card-text\" style=\"white-space: pre-line;\">
                    {!! nl2br(e($post->content)) !!}
                <\/div>
                {{-- Tag --}}
                @if($post->tags->count() > 0)
                    <div class=\"mt-4\">
                        <strong>Tags:<\/strong><br>
                        @foreach($post->tags as $tag)
                            <span class=\"badge bg-secondary\">{{ $tag->name }}<\/span>
                        @endforeach
                    <\/div>
                @endif
                {{-- Tombol aksi --}}
                <div class=\"mt-4\">
                    <a href=\"{{ route('posts.index') }}\" class=\"btn btn-outline-secondary\">Kembali<\/a>
                <\/div>
            <\/div>
        <\/div>
    <\/div>
    @endsection<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    G. Edit & Update Berita<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Ubah function edit() dan update() di PostController.php :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    public function edit($id)
        {
            \/\/ Ambil data post dengan relasi category dan tags
            $post = Post::with(['category', 'tags'])->findOrFail($id);
            \/\/ Ambil semua kategori dan tags untuk form
            $categories = Category::all();
            $tags = Tag::all();
            return view('posts.edit', compact('post', 'categories', 'tags'));
        }
    \/\/\u2014-----------------------
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
        {
            \/\/ 1. Validasi input
            $request->validate([
                'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
                'content' => 'required|string',
                'author' => 'nullable|string|max:100',
                'category_id' => 'nullable|exists:categories,id',
                'tags' => 'nullable|array',
                'tags.*' => 'exists:tags,id',
                'thumbnail' => 'nullable|image|mimes:jpeg,png,jpg|max:2048',
            ]);
            \/\/ 2. Temukan post
            $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
            \/\/ 3. Ambil data utama
            $data = $request->only(['title', 'content', 'author', 'category_id']);
            \/\/ 4. Jika upload thumbnail baru
            if ($request->hasFile('thumbnail')) {
                \/\/ Hapus file lama (jika ada)
                if ($post->thumbnail && \\Storage::disk('public')->exists($post->thumbnail)) {
                    \\Storage::disk('public')->delete($post->thumbnail);
                }
                \/\/ Upload file baru
                $path = $request->file('thumbnail')->store('thumbnails', 'public');
                $data['thumbnail'] = $path;
            }
            \/\/ 5. Update data post
            $post->update($data);
            \/\/ 6. Update relasi tags
            if ($request->has('tags')) {
                $post->tags()->sync($request->tags);
            } else {
                $post->tags()->detach(); \/\/ kalau tidak ada tag, kosongkan
            }
            \/\/ 7. Redirect dengan pesan sukses
            return redirect()
                ->route('posts.index')
                ->with('success', 'Berita berhasil diperbarui!');
        }<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Pembuatan web berita menggunakan Laravel diawali dengan tahap persiapan yang mencakup perencanaan struktur aplikasi, instalasi lingkungan pengembangan, serta konfigurasi awal framework. Laravel dipilih karena menyediakan sistem MVC (Model-View-Controller) yang terorganisir, fitur autentikasi bawaan, dan kemudahan dalam membuat CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":824,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,38],"tags":[35,140,141,142,22,138,139,143,144],"class_list":["post-1090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-php-framework-laravel","category-tutorial-programming","tag-laravel-controller","tag-laravel-model","tag-laravel-route","tag-laravel-view-blade","tag-php-framework","tag-tutorial-laravel-12","tag-tutorial-laravel-migrate","tag-tutorial-laravel-mysql","tag-web-berita-laravel"],"yoast_head":"\nTutorial Laravel 12 - Membuat Website Blog Berita - Bagian #3 (Relasi Kategori dan Tag Berita) - Gurututorku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"laravel controller, laravel model, laravel route, laravel view blade, php framework, tutorial laravel 12, tutorial laravel migrate, tutorial laravel mysql, web berita laravel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gurututorku.com\/blog\/tutorial-laravel-12-membuat-website-blog-berita-bagian-3-relasi-kategori-dan-tag-berita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tutorial Laravel 12 - 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